Brinkman Number

Meaning

Dimensionless group in fluid mechanics relates the conduction of heat to the production of heat by viscous dissipation. Engineers use the brinkman number to evaluate the temperature rise in high-viscosity fluids during high-speed processing. The value indicates whether the heat generated by internal friction will dominate the thermal profile of the material.

Viscous Dissipation

Flow through narrow channels at high shear rates generates internal heat that can degrade sensitive chemical bonds. When the brinkman number exceeds unity, the heat produced by fluid motion cannot be removed quickly enough by conduction through the walls. This condition leads to localized hotspots that threaten the quality of the final product.

Heat Transfer

Conduction efficiency determines how effectively a cooling system can manage the energy added by the work of the pump or extruder. A low brinkman number suggests that the external cooling controls the melt temperature, while a high value indicates that the process is self-heating.

Processing Limit

Calculating this value during the design of an injection molding nozzle prevents the thermal degradation of the resin. High-speed extrusion lines often reach a brinkman number where the material properties change before the fluid exits the die. Operators monitor this ratio to balance production throughput against the risk of scorching the polymer.

If the shear rate increases without a corresponding increase in thermal conductivity, the material integrity will fail.

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